Alexander Graham Bell and the Photophone

Alexander Graham Bell and the Photophone While hes best known as the inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell considered the photophone his most important invention... and he may have been right. On June 3, 1880, Alexander Graham Bell transmitted the first wireless telephone message on his newly invented photophone, a device that allowed for the transmission of sound on a beam of light. Bell held four patents for the photophone and built it with the help of an assistant, Charles Sumner Tainter. The first wireless voice transmission took place over a distance of 700 feet. How It Worked Bells photophone worked by projecting voice through an instrument toward a mirror. Vibrations in the voice caused oscillations in the shape of the mirror. Bell directed sunlight into the mirror, which captured and projected the mirrors oscillations toward a receiving mirror, where the signals were transformed back into sound at the receiving end of the projection. The photophone functioned similarly to the telephone, except the photophone used light as a means of projecting the information, while the telephone relied on electricity. The photophone was the first wireless communications device, preceding the invention of the radio by nearly 20 years. Although the photophone was an extremely important invention, the significance of Bells work was not fully recognized in its time. This was largely due to practical limitations in the technology of the time: Bells original photophone failed to protect transmissions from outside interferences, such as clouds, that easily disrupted transport. That changed nearly a century later when the invention of  fiber optics in the 1970s allowed for the secure transport of light. Indeed, Bells photophone is recognized as the progenitor of the modern fiber optic telecommunications system that  is widely used to transmit telephone, cable, and internet signals across large distances.

Great Little Box Company Case Study Essay Essays

Great Little Box Company Case Study Essay Essays Great Little Box Company Case Study Essay Essay Great Little Box Company Case Study Essay Essay Problem Statement Idea Points – The company’s original informal. simple construction has moved on to an organic construction has now outgrown itself. How does GLBC implement a structural resurgence and still retain and absorb clients in a market that is no longer enduring an economic down bend. How can this new construction be used against the competition in a planetary market – How make we act upon and depute assorted degrees of Authority and Legitimate power to employees to farther organisational efficiency– How do we implement different constructs of power type to our current and future organisational design?– With the acquisition of new companies. interorganizational struggle will originate. Structural and personal factors lead to conflict in organisations. What cardinal factors can we work on to rise Emotional Intelligence? : Symptoms – We can see that the company started as a little construction. The power was in the custodies of Robert Meggie † taking orders to doing gross revenues calls to running one of the machines and transporting out the accomplished orders. †Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Expert Power has been implemented through the hiring of a late laid off sales representative from one of its largest companies ( provide transporting foremost ) . The member of the organisation â€Å"Upped our concern 80 per centum overnight†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ and highlighted the importance of a strong gross revenues force – Finally Meggie required the accomplishments and expertness of another individual ( for gross revenues and selling ) Meggie was so responsible merely for disposal and production ( we can see a alteration into a somewhat more divisional construction. based on the services ) –* Administration* Production*Marketing*Sales – The Six types of OD constructions can fall under two comprehensive classs ( Mechanistic and Organic ) we can place GLBC as being closer to the organic side. ( No 1 company can be strictly be from one side or the other ) – We can see that size is increasing for the company ( Absorption of Parrot Label ( label capablenesss ) . Vanisle Packaging ( P supplier on Vancouver Island ) . and Action Box Company ( Lead supplier of protective packaging in BC ) . This besides forwards the Formalization and Specialization of the company. This in turns decentralizes decision-making. – The past economic downswing had the little. nimble company cut into an border in the market. However. the now turning enlargement has the demand for strategic leader ship that can ease entree to the company’s capablenesss and cognition. – We do non hold any type of standardisation information nowadays for this company. We have nil that points to designation of a standardisation of company direction. ( Rules. Policies. Documentation ) – As the company is go oning to turn. centralisation is besides turning. This is demonstrated by the monthly meetings that Meggie administers. The information shared is a vehicle of authorization for the people below him at the assorted locations. – Meggie besides meets with everyone twice a twelvemonth in groups. to supply â€Å"a province of the nation† ( Centralized Authority Structure )– It is possible to presume that as the complexness of the construction increases. so does the political component of the strategic determination processes- As the company grows Meggie may be faces with a job where he may hold to equilibrate efficiency orientation and the quality orientation of the organisation. Problem Analysis – Information Technology and communicating systems can take to interworking with the company. These companies are less hierarchal and more engaged into external networking.– This will discourage a hold in decision-making. and increase the quality of the determinations being made. The right information is run intoing with the right people. And no 1 is being overloaded with informations. – Organizing programs can be non as effectual in a changing construction. if the it is designed ill– GLBC at times may see impotence can due to bing staff being grouped with freshly acquired companies. and experience struggle. ( Changing OD Structure )– We must portion power between people to project authorization to the people? – Information Power is the entree and control to information that can be used by directors to set up power. We should utilize current engineerings to portion the proper information to the right people – A high degree of Vertical Differentiation must be in topographic point for the organisation to see turning in size ( planetary market ) .– Horizontal Differentiation must be at a degree where the demands of the clients are met by the specific Organizational Units ( domestic and foreign operations ) . Conflict can originate from the improper grouping of procedures. Mention to page 253 ( Technology ) – Formalization. specialisation. standardisation. and centralisation.– Must let the proper authorization to do cardinal determinations. but allow the parent house to let the ends of the organisation to be in cheque at the same clip. Page 253 ( Size ) – Structural Factors can take up to a cause of struggle in an organisation. We can place this through the specialisation of companies that have been absorbed by GLBC.– In a large box company. Mutuality will go prevailing. All the groups rely on each other to make the finished merchandise. It one subdivision where to neglect. it will be easy for one of the groups to fault another group. ( Negative Consequences ) – Functional Conflict – Can be used to advance new solutions to jobs and advance creativeness. Recommended Solutions – We want to take up to a semi – independent system. Where organisations can self-manage and controls themselves. o The negative effect in taking this path is the possibility if a subdivision of the company to lose path of the focal point of the company. o A subdivision might be given so much freedom that they can take to a immense economic loss in non in cheque O Can be positive due to authorization based determinations to be transferred wholly to another independent unit. therefore holding velocity and being unhampered by political relations. o Delegation of undertakings ( Semi-Autonomous ) will ever reply to the organisation but still be allowed to make its ain thing – Authority. Legitimate Power – Can be deployed to specific people with the usage of information engineering ( For an illustration. Microsoft Domain Networks with separate Organizational Units ) the proper people with have the proper cognition. ( The higher ups can be exposed to more but non really work with it. people lower in the hierarchy can see less but more action orientated with it. ( Goal puting mechanism ) ) o Very similar to authorization. Based on common understanding of the construction and the mark. We must do it seeable to all workers. who is where and what they can make. o The negative side is that. people can take to disregard people they do non esteem. And subsequently be swayed by referent power ( They persons personal appeals ) o It’s important to place the group’s chief beginning of important inspirations and deploy person who can run into the power demands. o A applied scientist is more likely to Expert Power and Reward Power more than the other power types. We can state this by their personality type ENTJ INTP ( Intuitive types ) . Possibly even if we have a batch of EN** we can happen a magnetic individual that can a batch of adept power J – If we can non demo a proper power construction to a altering organisation. we may happen people try to fall back to political power to derive power. For an illustration. character blackwashs. Peoples may get down to take front-runners or set down people that will non assist them accomplish their power ends. -People may seek to derive people under a personal docket book -Make themselves look socially better-Influence people without utilizing power ethically – To discourage this. once more legitimate power can be instilled– Vertical Differentiation– We have to hold solid direction with Authority. Progression up the company is clear and hierarchal. Communication flows vertically up and down– Disadvantages We have single containers for each subdivision of a geographical country that is in charge of it owns gross revenues. BUT Production is to stay consistent across all locations to hold the trade name merchandise remain the same. The several selling is left up to the location is therefore does non hold to reply to the higher ups CEO in the company. This will forestall information overloading with the OD. The ( Project Manager ) will hold the ability to work in two difference countries. As a regular undertakings director in the Marketing Dept and as a functional Production director. The right people to finish the undertakings will be pulled from the locations therefore taking to a administrations familiarity through the location. Besides this provides for a demand for accomplishment and association. Peoples will non experience like they are stuck in a certain country. In add-on. the ability to flex places would be present. Once they task is completed staff can be returned or combined with several constructions making a intercrossed entity.

Soviet Emphasis on Film Editing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Soviet Emphasis on Film Editing - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that the Kuleshov workshop studied three basic functions or cutting methods, which would very well enhance the film quality. The first function of serving a cut would be in the narrative sense of the film. Through this type of cut, the director, as well as the editor, can very well analyze the actions that have been produced from the psychological processes, which happen within an individual. The second function of a cut was with regards to the intellectual responses, which were generated from the characters in the film. This could very well delve into the interpersonal relationships that could be produced, due to the various thought processes. The third kind of cut that was taught in the Kuleshov workshop was, with respect to the emotions that were being produced within a film due to the interactions among the various characters. Hence such responses were purely produced by the emotions deep within the minds of the individuals. In the case of the second type o f cut, that is considered to be purely for an intellectual purpose, was found not only to be serving and challenging the mental thought process but also will sometimes serve the purpose of the narrative cut. As far as Russian films are concerned Eisenstein’s is the greatest master of Montage, which in other words means editing. As per Eisenstein, the essence of the principle of Montage could very well be considered, as the combination of contrast, collision, and conflict. The significance of the basic plot of Battleship Potemkin was that it was a film that was produced in order to depict Russia’s general workers’ revolt. The entire plot revolves around two basic events, one that involved the revolt of the rebellion that took place on the Potemkin that was a battleship. The second event was based on the Odessa reprisals, which occurred between the Cossacks and the Czar’s troops.